Vulvovaginal atrophy, also known as atrophic vaginitis or vaginal atrophy, is a medical condition characterized by thinning, drying, and inflammation of the vaginal walls due to a decrease in estrogen levels, particularly during and after menopause. Estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and elasticity of the vaginal tissues and the production of vaginal lubrication. Symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy can include vaginal dryness, itching, burning, and discomfort, especially during sexual intercourse. Other symptoms may include urinary symptoms such as increased frequency, urgency, or recurrent urinary tract infections, as well as vaginal discharge and spotting.